At the October, 1992 meetings of the American Academy of Environmental Medicine, Patrick J. Kingsley, MB, BS, spoke about fourteen years of experience at "Foresight, the Association for the Promotion of Pre-Conceptual Care in the United Kingdom." They have found that "the male is just as important as the female. In fact, the most important cause of miscarriage has been shown to be the number of cigarettes smoked by the male of the partnership. Low sperm counts can be normalized by zinc supplementation. Many specific nutrient deficiencies can be shown in animals to lead to specific congenital abnormalities."

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"the male is just as important as the female. In fact, the most important cause of miscarriage has been shown to be the number of cigarettes smoked by the male of the partnership."

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"Sadly most Foresight doctors in the United Kingdom see couples who already have had one or more disaster. In the National Health Service, it is now standard practice not to refer a woman (not the man) for specialist opinion until after she has had her third miscarriage. Some surveys are showing one pregnancy in five ends in miscarriage."

Studies have shown that the contraceptive pill lowers levels of essential nutrients such as vitamin B6, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C. For a successful pregnancy and a healthy baby both partners need to correct their nutritional deficiencies and any environmental reactions prior to conception.